ETUDE CHIMIQUE ET BIOLOGIQUE DES SUBSTANCES NATURELLES EXTRAITES PAR PHYTOCHIMIE ET LEURS EFFETS SUR LES GERMES ET CRISTAUX OXALO-CALCIQUES

Abstract

Urinary lithiasis is a very frequent disease in worldwide. It is treated by various costly medical and surgical means, which can cause serious side effects. To heal themselves, the lithiasics resort to traditional medicine. The aim of this work is the evaluation of some medicinal plants of local flora used in traditional Algerian medicine as antilithiasics and antimicrobial. Firstly, phytochemical analysis of Nigella sativa L., Camellia sinensis L. and Erica multiflora L reveal the presence of several chemical families, including saponins, tannins, amino acids, cardiotonic glucosides, alkaloids and flavonoids. Meanwhile, quantitative phytochemical tests on seeds of Nigella sativa L also demonstrated the presence of several minerals as (Ca2+, C2O42-) and aromatic compound (tymoquinone) with levels varying from (536, 0.031 and 1.7) mg/g respectively. Essential oil of Nigella sativa L has been studied as well as those pharmacological effects which indicate that the administration of Nigella sativa L seeds oil at 5 ml/kg by gavage to rats rendered lithiasic by ethylene glycol (EG) to 0.75% and 1% of ammonium chloride (CA), reduces and prevents the growth of urinary stones, which supporting traditional data that the plant have antilithiasic activity. It is evident that the extracts of Nigella sativa L regulate certain perturbations of renal lithiasis. In a second step, the aqueous and organic extracts of Nigella sativa L, Camellia sinensis L and Erica multiflora L revolted some antimicrobial activity against some strains responsible to inducing urinary tract infection with MICs varying between (0.039 and 0.625) mg/ml. The evaluation of the antioxidant power by DPPH, revealed antioxidant capacities by in vitro tests with organic and aqueous extracts. Organic extracts showed greater antioxidant effects. Potential activities on the mechanism of direct trapping of free radicals by the DPPH method are proved by Nigella sativa L essential oil and Camellia sinensis L methanolic extract with levels (451.09 and 214.41) μg/ml, respectively.