Outils spatiaux et analyse multicritère : Application à la gestion des parcs nationaux de l'Ahaggar et Tassili (Algérie)

Abstract

The decrease of biodiversity threatens our food safety, our wood resources, in medicines and energy uses, our health as well as the spare-time activities and tourism. Toward a major crisis, the rate of species extinction keeps getting accelerate, despite the protective measures implemented. So these threats are broadly caused by pressure that man exerted on its environment through its activities. The formidable heritage in rupestral art, the many archeological sites and the biological richness are the proof that the areas of the Ahaggar and Tassili were occupied for so long time. The importance of this natural and cultural heritage for humanity has been revealed by the promulgation of the texts creating cropping Parks Tassili and the Ahaggar. They contain, also, architectural treasures that attest the existence of civilization in Djanet, Iherir, Silet, Abalessa, etc. Geomatic provides powerful tools for processing of geographic information in time and space, it supports the decision-making process and paves the way for a more effective and enlightened management. Geographic information systems (GIS) provide insufficient information, particularly at the strategic level. Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is adapted to evaluate the different impacts, quantitative or qualitative, relating to major projects; it is also appropriate to decision-making in collective choices corresponding to where the points of views are contradictory. This is why the integration of GIS and multi-criteria analysis is one of the optimal solutions to make fill insufficient of GIS as a tool for decision-making aid. Present research aims overall at showing the effectiveness of the use of the various geomatic's tools (spatial tools) in particular the GIS technology, the Geographical database (GDB) and the remote sensing technics, and in addition the multicreteria analysis methods to the profile of management and the monitoring the biodiversity in the two famous parks of Ahaggar and the Tassili (Algeria).