Résumé:
Salinity constitutes a main issue with ecological balance and the development of
agriculture in the whole world, particularly the Mediterranean basin and North Africa.
This phenomenon is regarded as the abiotic factor most important limiting the growth
and the productivity of crop plants, degrading and polluting the grounds in the arid and
semi regions arid. The study was undertaken on two varieties of broad bean Vicia faba
L. (Semilla violeta L. and Reine mora L.). Sowing was carried out in plastic pots of 1kg
with a diameter of 15cm. The gravel was deposited under the substrate ground of each
pot in order to ensure a good drainage. The sandy substrate was subjected to bentonite
amounts of 3, 5, 7, and 10%. The six weeks old plant was stressed with salt amounts
(NaCl, MgCl2 and MgSO4) of 20, 40, and 60 mMol.L-1. The objective of our work is to
study the influence of some bentonite amounts, associated with abiotic constraints of
salinity on the physiological and chemical parameters of the plant of a leguminous plant
species commonly cultivated in Algeria; the broad bean Vicia faba L. the results show
that the addition of bentonite 5% improves the rate and the duration of germination
under the effect of bentonite. The combined action of strong amounts salt works (40et
60 mMol.L-1) and of bentonite reveals a reduction of the relative content water and the
potassium content, against an increase in the content of proline, the deficit out of water
and the sodium contents. The growth of broad bean is considerable in the amended
sandy grounds with bentonite 5%.
