Contribution à l’étude de l’effet des métaux lourds (Cuivre) sur les caractéristiques biométriques et chimiques de la fève (Vicia faba L.)

Abstract

Copper is one of the most toxic heavy metals, it causes considerable damage in plants. This work is to follow the behavior of the bean (Vicia faba L.) copper with stress of copper. This plant is used as a model in ecotoxicological studies due to its large amount of biomass and its short growing season. The objective of our work is to study the influence of copper as sulfates CuSO4.5H2O at doses of 0, 100 and 200 ppm, the morpho-physiological, anatomical and mechanisms behavior involved in the process of seed germination of plants from both varieties sidi Aich and super Aguadulce. The plant has been stressed at doses of copper of 0, 100 and 200 ppm. This stress was applied twice during the growing cycle of the plant. The results indicate that seed germination is perturbed and the mechanisms controlling this process are changeable due to this stress. The presence of copper decreases the photosynthetic activity and production of biomass parameters accompanied by a reduction of the protein content in the grains of the culture. These results also show an accumulation of soluble sugars and proline, expressing a mechanism for regulating of the potentiel internal face of the action of metal stress. The effect of copper stress and type of the plant variety is significant on the anatomic parameter of the plant. These results suggest that the presence of copper in high doses alters the normal functioning and development of plants by disturbances on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and anatomical behavior of the plant.