Impacts du potentiel agroforestier sur les processus de l’érosion hydrique sur les terres agricoles des piémonts du Dahra de la zone Sud de Sidi Lakhdar (W. Mostaganem)

Abstract

Located in the North-West of Algeria, the foothills of Dahra are affected by the problems of water water erosion where agricultural soils are under severe degradation due to the mismatch influence between a semi-arid climate and the prevailing cropping systems presenting a threat to sustainable rural development in the region. After a survey on the field, a localization and prioritization of different agroforestry systems practiced, an overview bioclimatic thereby an investigation, observations close to the farmers and physico-chemical analyzes of soil has been made for comparison between systems. The results show that there is an absence of systems of use durable of lands; the region's soils situated on gentle slopes with low vegetation cover and the adverse human activities have become very fragile. Given that it doesn't exist at agricultural exploitations level a miracle system for the development and the soils management, the association of trees with crops allowed in certain situations to improve soils protection, their fertility and the socioeconomic situation of farmers. As well, the analysis of statements on the tree resource of agricultural exploitations we has allowed to assess the agroforestry systems efficiency awaited, considering their inappropriate management. As the fight against erosion is only an aspect of soils conservation, the potential of agroforestry considered in its largest sense must contain at the same time, the control erosion and the maintaining soils fertility to ensure a sustainable foothills agriculture which depends on the maintenance of rural populations.