Effet insecticide de l’huile essentielle et de l’extrait méthanolique de clou de girofle (Syzgium aromaticum)

Abstract

Since antiquity, man has always used plants to fight against insect pests that disputed his food, especially during storage. Rhyzopertha dominica is one of the pests of the stored food which occupies a very special place because it is considered today as a pest that induce considerable economic losses especially on the wheat fields. Biocidal plants are an important source of natural substances, especially in the search for alternatives to chemical control of stored food insects. This work is part of researche perspective of new plant protection products likely to be used in biological control against the objective of this study is test insecticide effect and germinative power of two extracts: essential oils and methanolic extracts of Cloves (Syzgium aromaticum) against Capucin( Rhyzopertha dominica ) a pest of stored commodities that attacks durum wheat (Durum wheat Triticum Durum Desf ) To meet this objective, two extractions were carried out: hydrodistillation for essential oils and soxhlet for methanol extract. The oily extract produced remarkable insecticidal activity compared to that of the methanolic extract, Let us mark a total mortality of adults from the first day of treatment specically at the 30 μl/ml dose with an estimated LD50 of 4 μl/ml with an X= 0.601%. On the other hand, the hydromethanoic extract has a considerable insecticidal power; the latter depends on two factors, time and concentrations to have a total mortality. The two extracts of S. aromaticum have an influence on the germinative power of durum wheat grains and this for doses used (25%, 30%).