Approche bioinformatique pour l’analyse et l’indentification moleculaire d’une bactérie du genre bacillus

Abstract

Starch is the most abundant carbohydrate polymer in nature after cellulose and chitin and is used by plants as a source of carbon and energy. In addition to the interests of this biopolymer, the enzymes responsible for its degradation have aroused great interest. These enzymes are the amylases, in particular the α-amylases which are receiving increasing interest due to their wide field of application in the processing of starch in different industries. The most widely used industrial source for the production of α-amylases among bacterial genera is undoubtedly the genus Bacillus. Sequencing of the gene encoding 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) allows the study of bacterial phylogeny and taxonomy. This around 1500 bp gene is present in most bacteria and its function has not changed over time. Moreover, its size is sufficient for a powerful computer analysis. The objective of this thesis was to carry out the last step in the molecular identification of a bacterium of the genus Bacillus whose role is the production of α-amylase-type enzymes by studying the gene encoding 16S rRNA. These bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus were isolated and studied beforehand in the thesis of Mr. CHOUBANE Slimane. Indeed, we used the BLAST database and MEGA X software version 10,2,6 in order to carry out the bioinformatics approach. The constitution of the phylogenetic tree of Bacillus Mojavensis allowed us to classify and position it as being non-pathogenic but producing enzymes mainly a strain identified as belonging to the species Bacillus subtilis and is genetically related to the species Bacillus spp., used for the production of industrial enzymes.