Étude ethnobotanique et phytochimique des plantes médicinales utilisées pour le traitement des troubles fonctionnels intestinaux dans la wilaya de Mostaganem.

Abstract

Functional bowel disorders (FBD) are the most frequent reason for consultation in gastroenterology, are chronic digestive symptoms attributable to the lower gastrointestinal tract in the absence of any structural or biochemical explanation. A descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological survey is carried out on a sample of 30 patients who were interviewed consecutively during a routine gastroenterological consultation between April and May 2021 in the gastroenterology departments of the salamander EPSP and the plateau, this survey focuses on the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, the disease and the medicinal plants that relieve or treat these intestinal disorders. Of the 30 cases recorded, women were the most affected by this pathology with 60% than men who score only 40% with a sex ratio of 0.76; the age group most affected is that between [30-50] years, which represents 33.3%; thus the most common symptoms are abdominal pain, bloating and gas and transit disorders. It has been shown that 90% of these drugs are effective against intestinal disorders and 80% of the population uses plants; in our study, nine medicinal plants were identified: Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, Cuminum cyminum, Thymus vulgaris, Zingiber officinale, Punica granatum, Melilotus officinalis, Artemisia vulgaris, Achillea millefolium. The most used part was the seeds, and the most practiced method of preparation was decoction. The phytochemical study of the two medicinal plants most frequently used by patients: Foeniculum vulgare and Pimpinella anisum revealed the richness of these plants in the main bioactive compounds: alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoid glycosides, flavonoids and reducing sugars that are moderately present in Pimpinella anisum.