Etude du stress oxydant chez des diabétiques de la région de Mostaganem

Abstract

Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease that causes disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and electrolytes. The main types of diabetes are insulin-dependent (DMT1), non-insulin-dependent (DMT2) and gestational diabetes (GD). There is considerable evidence to suggest that diabetes is accompanied by oxidative stress. This is the consequence of abnormally high concentrations of glucose in the extra and intracellular media. The objective of this work is to evaluate some biochemical parameters as well as the level of oxidative stress in diabetics from the region of Mostaganem. We conducted a study of more than one month (from 03/03/2022 to 13/04/2022) including 64 subjects (sex ratio F/H, 38/26) received at the laboratory of EPSP Salamandre, in the wilaya of Mostaganem including: 50 diabetic subjects and 14 healthy subjects. The patient population included in our work consists by patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. A sommery consisting of 25 items was distributed to diabetics in order to determine the main characteristics of our patients. The biochemical profile was analyzed by evaluation of glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c), lipid status (Triglycerides, Cholesterol, HDL, LDL) and renal status (Creatinine, ACR, Albumin). Oxidative stress is assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Our results show that:  The majority of diabetics belong to the age group between 45-60 years old with a female predominance.  64% of diabetics have a weight between 60 and 80 kg.  Individuals belonging to blood groups A and O are the most exposed to diabetes with respective percentages of 41.7% and 35.42% followed by blood group B (20.8%) with a predominance of positive rhesus (Rh).  The main types of diabetes represented in our work are respectively DMT2 (60%), DMT1(38%) and GD (4%).  70% of the diabetic population had a family history with hypertension as the main comorbidity (38%).  The biochemical profile shows a highly significant increase in HbA1c concentration (p˂0.001), altered lipid balance and mild hyperalbuminemia. However, the ACR ratio as well as the creatinine content showed no significant difference.  Elevated levels of TBARS reflect increased levels of oxidative stress in diabetic subjects. Type 2 diabetes is more affected by oxidative stress than type 1 diabetes (p<0.05). All our results show that the balance of the prooxidant/antioxidant balance plays a very important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes.