Profil épidémiologique et clinique des dyslipidémies au cours de la grossesse chez des femmes diabétiques

Abstract

Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, represents a major health problem worldwide. In pregnant women, particularly those with diabetes (type 1, type 2, or gestational), these abnormalities can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the fetus. The objective of this thesis is to examine the epidemiological and clinical profile of dyslipidemia in diabetic women during pregnancy. The study was conducted at the Lalla Kheira Maternity Hospital in Mostaganem over a one-month period from February 7th to March 7th, 2024, including 40 diabetic pregnant women. The average age of the participants was 33.9 ± 1.003531 years. A questionnaire consisting of 16 items was used. All physical parameters (weight, height, and BMI) were determined. The biochemical profile was analyzed by measuring various parameters, including blood glucose, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, as well as HDL (high-density lipoproteins) and LDL (low-density lipoproteins) levels. These data allowed for the evaluation of the participants' lipid status and the identification of present dyslipidemias. Our results indicate that diabetic pregnant women were on average 34 years old, with 52.5% aged between 30 and 40 years, and an average BMI of 25.85 kg/m². Most were in their third trimester of pregnancy (77.5%) and multiparous (87.5%). The majority (92.5%) suffered from gestational diabetes, while the others had pre-gestational diabetes. Among them, 62.5% had associated diseases such as hypertension (37.5%) and urinary tract infections (25%). The most common blood group was O (35%), with 87.5% Rh-positive. Their blood glucose levels were higher than those of healthy subjects, but their renal function (urea and creatinine) was similar. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as well as the TyG index, were higher than those of healthy subjects. These results of this study argue for increased attention to dyslipidemia in diabetic pregnant women, with appropriate follow-up and treatment protocols. Such an approach could improve maternal and fetal outcomes, reducing the risk of serious complications and contributing to better public health.