دور تمارين المقاومة مرتفعة الشدة والمنخفضة الشدة في خفض نسبة الدهون في الجسم لدى مرضى السمنة

Abstract

اﻟﺳﻣﻧﺔ ھﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺗﻣﯾز ﺑزﯾﺎدة اﻟوزن اﻟزاﺋد ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﻠﺣوظ ﻟدى اﻹﻧﺳﺎن، وﺗﻧﺟم ﻋن ﻋدة ﻋواﻣل ﻣﺛل اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﺗوازﻧﺔ وﻧﻘص اﻟﻧﺷﺎط اﻟﺑدﻧﻲ . ﺗﺳﺑب اﻟﺳﻣﻧﺔ ﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﺻﺣﯾﺔ ﺧطﯾرة ﻣﺛل ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐط اﻟدم، وارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت اﻟﻛوﻟﯾﺳﺗرول، وزﯾﺎدة ﺧطر اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻛري ﻣن اﻟﻧوع اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ، وأﻣراض اﻟﻘﻠب واﻷوﻋﯾﺔ اﻟدﻣوﯾﺔ . ﻛﻣﺎ ﻗد ﺗؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺻﺣﺔ اﻟﻧﻔﺳﯾﺔ واﻟﺟودة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﯾﺎة، ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﺻﺣﯾﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺗطﻠب اھﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎً واﺳﻌﺎً ﻣن اﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ وﻋﻼﺟﺎت اﻟﺳﻣﻧﺔ ﺗﺗﺿﻣن ﺗﻐﯾﯾرات ﻓﻲ ﻧﻣط اﻟﺣﯾﺎة ﻣﺛل اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻐذاﺋﻲ واﻟﻧﺷﺎط

اﻟﺑدﻧﻲ، واﻷدوﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﺗﻣدة ﻟﺧﻔض اﻟوزن، وﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺟراﺣﺔ ﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﺣﺟم اﻟﻣﻌدة .

ﻓﺎﻟرﯾﺎﺿﺔ ُﺗﻌﺗﺑر أداة ﻓ ّﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻼج، ﺣﯾث ﺗﺳﺎھم ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﺳﯾن اﻟﺻﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﻌﻘﻠﯾﺔ . ُﺗﻌزز اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﺔ اﻟﮭواﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﺗدﻟﺔ ﻣﺛل اﻟﻣﺷﻲ اﻟﺳرﯾﻊ ( LISS ) ﻣن اﻟﻠﯾﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺑدﻧﯾﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل ﺗدرﯾﺟﻲ وﺗﺣ ّﺳن اﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﺣ ّﻣل اﻟﺑدﻧﻲ . أﻣﺎ اﻟﺗدرﯾﺑﺎت اﻟﮭواﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺔ اﻻﻧﺗﺷﺎر (HIIT) ﻓﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺗرات ﻗﺻﯾرة ﻣن اﻟﺗﻣﺎرﯾن اﻟﺷدﯾدة ﺗﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻓﺗرات اﺳﺗراﺣﺔ ﻗﺻﯾرة، وھﻲ ُﺗﺣﻔّز ﺣرق

اﻟدھون ﺑﺷﻛل ﻓ ّﻌﺎل وﺗﻌزز اﻟﻠﯾﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺑﯾﺔ واﻟﻌﺿﻠﯾﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﻛﺛف .

اﻟﮭدف ﻣن اﻟدراﺳﺔ ھو اﺑراز دور اﻟﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺔ و ﺑﺷﻛل ﺧﺎص HIIT و LISS ﻛﻌﻼج ﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﺳﻣﻧﺔ.

وﺗرﺗﻛز ھذه اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ 4 دراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻣﯾﺔ ﺗطرﻗت اﻟﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات اﻟﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺔ واﻟﺳﻣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧرﺟﺔ ﻣن Google scholar و Frontiers Media SA و wiley

library .

وﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺔ ﺣﯾث اﻧﮫ ﺗم اﺳﺗﺧﻼص ان ﻟﻠﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﯾﺔ دور ﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻲ إﻧﻘﺎص ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟدھون ﻓﻲ ﺟﺳم و أﯾﺿﺎ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻧﻌﻛﺎﺳﺎت اﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋواﻣل ﺻﺣﯾﺔ اﺧرى ﻏﯾر اﻟﺳﻣﻧﺔ.

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Obesity is a situation that is significantly overweight in humans, resulting from several factors such as balanced diet and lack of physical activity. Obesity causes linear health problems such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, high secondary diabetes risk, heart disease and blood vessels. It may also affect the mental health and general quality of life, making it a public health problem that requires broad attention from the population and obesity treatments that include animal-type uncertainties such as diet and physical activity, weight reduction drugs, and, in some cases, stomach reduction surgery. Nursery is an effective tool for treatment, for which public and mental health can be improved. Moderate eutrophication, such as lyses (LISS) from physical collars, is gradually enhanced and improved physical tolerance. HIIT relies on short periods of trembling, short breaks, and effectively stimulates the burning of fattening and promotes intensive cardiac and muscular sensitivity. The objective of the study is to highlight the role of sport activities and, in particular, HIIT and LISS as an effective treatment of obesity. This study is based on four scientific studies that touched on the same sport activities and obesity practices derived from Google school, Frontiers Media SA and Wiley library. The positive results were positive where it was concluded that sport activities was instrumental in reducing the rate of fat in the body and also had positive effects on other obesity factors.