دور الألعاب المائية في تقليل من سلوك القلق -الخوف لدى الأطفال المصابين بالتوحد الخفيف

Abstract

ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ: ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺎﺕ، ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ

ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ . ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ، ﻓﺄﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻭﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﺪ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺏ

ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﺪ ﻭﺃﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ. ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺨﻮﻑ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ 4 ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺗﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ 2023 ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻮﻑ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻧﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻁﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻟﻘﺪﺭﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﻓﻲ ﻭ

ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﻧﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﻳﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ.

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Autism is one of the newly recognized disorders compared to other disorders and disabilities. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the way an individual interacts with the world around him and the environment. Water play and exercises have become one of the most important and effective ways to reduce negative behaviors. Most studies recommend such methods in modifying and treating disorders such as autism. There are also many ways to reduce the behaviors that a person with autism has, most of which are similar to each other, and water games are rarely used with this group. Therefore, the following study was conducted to find out the role and extent of water games in reducing anxious and fearful behavior in children with mild autism. The study included 4 previous recent studies from 2009 to 2023. Their results were reviewed and analyzed according to our following study. One of the most important conclusions we reached is that water games play a major role in reducing anxious and fearful behavior in a child with mild autism. Therefore, we