Activité antimicrobienne des polyphénols d’Elettaria cardamomum

Abstract

The present study proposed to test the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Elettaria cardamomum (EEC) on a series of microbial strains; pathogenic gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633) and gram-negative (Shigella sonnei CECT 584, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922), Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 106406. In our study, the ethanolic extract of Elettaria cardamomum (EEC) obtained by cold maceration with ethanol following a well established protocol was used to study antimicrobial activity. Its antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion and micro-dilution method using microplates. The results obtained revealed zones of inhibition of diameters exceeding 30 mm, for Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa concerning the 50% concentration of EEC extract; suggesting a high sensitivity of these bacteria. The 12.5% concentration of EEC extract is active and has an inhibitory effect on Candida albicaus and Aspergillus niger, very weak on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus and almost none on Escherichia coli. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) showed values ranging from 40 to 10 mg / mL EEC extract on pathogenic strains. The EEC extract has a broad and effective effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella sonnei (MIC: 10 mg / mL EEC extract) compared to other microbial strains. In contrast, a MIC of EEC extract of 40 mg / mL EEC was recorded against Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, we have found that the Elettaria cardamomum extract studied has an antibacterial and antifungal effect against the pathogenic germs used in the present study.