Résumé:
Waste management has long been a natural action of the population and is now becoming a major concern for developing countries.
The management of solid waste in Mostaganem district was limited to collection and transportation to open dumpsites.
By the end of 2010, the situation has changed since there exists now a sanitary landfill (SL) which allows for better management.
The collection and the transport of household wastes are among the most important factors in the management of wastes, hence representing a major part of the budget.
Consequently, it is essential for a lasting management to reduce in the first hand the impact on the environment and on the other hand to minimize the cost of collection and transport.
For this purpose, one must have reliable elements for optimizing the circuits of collection which show the most common difficulties may in this type of management (Facio et al, 2011),
in this context it was necessary to study the management of household waste in the landfill of Sour.
The study is on the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of MSW collected since 2011 from the SL of Mostaganem city and six nearby municipalities.
And secondly, to propose a study of optimization of the cost of the collection and polluting emissions generated by this service through the use of a new method of organizing of the sectors of work.
This method combines the optimization of the routes of the vehicles with that of the collection of household waste, based on the current organization of the collection (same points of collection) and by taking of account the capacity of the vehicles used and the quantities generated in each point of collection.
Rather than to use average values, relevant parameters having an influence on fuel consumption were used.
The process of vehicle routing optimization involves the geographical information system (GIS).
This optimization enables a reduction of travelled distances, collection time, fuel consumption and polluting emissions. Several scenarios have been proposed in order to improve this optimization.
The results show the importance of the construction of a waste transfer station added to the cost of household wastes collection (labor, vehicles maintenance and fuel consumption) and the reduction of polluting emissions.
