Résumé:
Traditional medicine offers alternative remedies such as medicinal plants and natural products such as
the fruit of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. The dates contain bioactive compounds that give it
interesting biological virtues. It is in this context that we were interested in performing a
phytochemical analysis of some secondary metabolites and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of two
extracts of date palm fruit. the variety Deglet-Nour Algerian origin.
In this work, two extracts were prepared from date fruit; aqueous and ketonic. Phytochemical
screening of these extracts revealed several secondary metabolites, which probably give the date fruit
its therapeutic properties elucidated by later work. This analysis was completed by a quantitative
determination of total polyphenols and total flavonoids.
The two studied date extracts are evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects in vivo following the
1% carrageenan-induced edema model at the subplantar portion of the paw of NMRI mice. The results
of the percent inhibition of edema in mice treated with ketonic date extract at 200 mg / kg showed a
significant decrease in edema at the fourth hour (63,43%) and fifth (90,60%) compared to mice treated
with Diclofenac (35,07% et 56,17%) respectively. Regarding the ketone extract, the three doses
administered (100, 200 and 300 mg / kg) lead to inhibitions of edema at the third, fourth and fifth
hours after the induction of inflammation at very close and significant percentages. compared to mice
treated with Diclofenac.
A histopathological study carried on the cutaneous tissue of the paw of the mice confirms the antiinflammatory
effect of the two aqueous extracts and ketonic dates fruit. Thus presenting in mice
treated with the two extracts studied a discrete inflammation with disseminated leucocyte infiltrate in
the dermis and blood capillaries of sizes close to normal compared to smiles treated with Diclofenac
and untreated (positive controls). The latter revealed to the histology a very pronounced inflammation
at the site of the lesion, which proves the inflammatory efficacy of carrageenan.
Hence, this research finally allows us to affirm the anti-inflammatory effect of the two aqueous and
ketonic extracts of the date (Deglet-Nour) of Algerian origin, according to the conditions of our
experimentation.
