Résumé:
In premenopausal women, vaginal infections, such as bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis and yeast vaginitis remain an important health problem. Treatment of these infections involves different kind of antibiotics; however, the recurrence rate remains high, and it must be also underlined that antibiotics are unable to spontaneously restore normal flora characterized by an abundant community of lactobacilli. The main limitation is the inability to offer a long-term defensive barrier, thus facilitating relapses and recurrences.
The main goal of this study was to review the antimicrobial properties of vaginal lactobacilli and detection of their production of lactic acid and bacteriocin to provide them as potential probiotic or postbiotic for preventing or treating vaginal infections.
In the experimental part: different scientific works were presented. In these works, the researchers carried out tests for antimicrobial activity and detection of lactic acid and bacteriocin production by vaginal lactobacilli isolates. The antagonistic activity against different urogenital pathogens; Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Gardnerella vaginalis, was carried out by overly method. The production of lactic acid was estimated by two different methods (titratable acidity and gas chromatography). The detection and characterization of a bacteriocin and its antimicrobial activity against genital pathogens Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, were also realized.
The results suggest that all tested vaginal lactobacilli have an inhibitory effect against the relevant urogenital pathogens. The results show also that all tested vaginal lactobacilli produce lactic acid with varying amounts. The results indicate that vaginal lactobacilli can produce bacteriocin with antimicrobial activity against relevant genital pathogens.
In the last years, the use of probiotics, including Lactobacillus species, has received much attention. There are few studies about Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri from human vagina and their use as probiotic or its metabolites “postbiotic” to prevent or treat vaginal disorders that which open the perspective to focus this important subject for public health.
