Résumé:
Vitamin D is essential to human health in general and in particular to pregnant women and their fetuses. Although the number of studies related to this vitamin, which is considered as a hormone, has increased exponentially in recent years, its effects, physiological interactions and precise modes of action need to be highlighted. Particularly during pregnancy, vitamin D plays an important role in growth and development of the fetus by preventing various pathologies such as pre-eclampsia which is a major risk and cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women records. The impact of vitamin D in pre-eclamptic pregnant women has been based on inflammatory hypotheses and cardiovascular diseases, in fact, in pre-eclamptic women a decrease in the activity of 1 alpha hydroxylase may explain the low concentration of 1,25 OH 2D and other factors. The scientific literature states that low blood levels of vitamin D in pregnant women have been associated with pregnancy complications. However, the objective of our research is to provide an update on the importance of vitamin D during pregnancy. The results of this study reveal that the presence of altered vitamin D metabolism during pregnancy and especially in pre-eclamped vit D deficienced pregnant women where values are below 10 ng/ml. These results also show that vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women and there is a dose-response relationship in hypertensive pregnant women. It is difficult to advise, especially for a pregnant woman, supplementation with vit D alone or in combination with calcium or other vitamins or minerals. Supplementation of pregnant women with vitamin D alone probably reduces the risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight, and severe postpartum haemorrhage.
