Résumé:
The development of antibiotic resistance in micro-organisms has become a major
problem. This is why our work has focused on the valorization of a plant species growing in
spontaneous state in the semi-arid zones of Algeria, named Artemisia herba alba, by evaluating
the antimicrobial activity of there essential oils. The essential oils of the dry leaves of Artemisia
herba alba from Brezina region of El-bayadh (Algeria), were Extracted by steam distillation
which allowed us to obtain a yield of .081%.
A group of microorganisms provided by medical laboratories consisting of E. coli,
Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis
and Candida albicans, was tested to verify the effectiveness of Artemisia herba alba essential
oils.
An antibiogram and an antifungigram were used to select 10 most resistant isolates,
which are the subject of an aromatogram by the method of diffusion in a solid medium.
This technique led us to quantitatively confirm the antimicrobial activity of the essential
oils of Artemisia herba alba on the 10 isolates studied by determining the minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC).
The results of the aromatogram and the MIC obtained from our experiments show that
isolats of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis are the most sensitive to essential oils
of Artemisia herba alba with inhibition zones varying between 16 and 19 mm in diameter and
values MIC between 0.312 and 0.625 μl/ml.
