Résumé:
DNA finger printing is one of the most important forensic discoveries of our time. The DNA of every human being is unique. This study aims to present the different techniques used to obtain DNA in the field of forensic science and to explain the method used in Algeria. In the regional laboratory of the scientific police in Oran, we noticed that they are conducting the initial investigation phase, followed by the search for traces and samples to conduct tests on the latter. Biological samples go through different stages of the DNA analysis process until a genetic profile is obtained. For this purpose several tests have been developed, including the three (Kastle Meyer, OBTI, and PSA). The Kastle Meyer test detects the nature of the blood's origin, whether it is animal or human. On the other hand, the OBTI test which is an immunochromatographic test specifically detects human blood. Regarding the third PSA test, it has been adapted to human sperm. These tests are used only at crime scenes in forensic science, allowing samples to be quickly transferred to the laboratory for analysis with the aim of obtaining genetic features, and for this purpose we studied two real cases in our research and we concluded that it is possible to find DNA fingerprints and reveal the genetic profile in the case of assault sexual and paternity tests. In the context of paternity research, genetic fingerprinting plays an essential role in identifying one or more individuals. The identification of an individual is based on genetic fingerprinting by identifying and comparing the specific elements present in his DNA. DNA fingerprinting is a reliable method that can be used in the legal and forensic field
