Etude in vitro et in vivo du pouvoir biofongicide des extraits de co-produits des agrumes « zeste et pépins » vis-à-vis de quelques maladies cryptogamiques de la tomate « Solanum lycopersicom L. »

Abstract

The tomato is one of the most studied varieties due to its economic and food importance and its exposure to many pathogens. The products used for the protection of crops and agricultural and agri-food production have proven to be dangerous for the environment and public health. The objective of our work was to find biological alternatives to fight against pathogens. The extracts of Citrus aurantium (L) (Bitter Orange), Citrus maxima (L)(Grapefruit), Citrus lemon (L) (Lemon) were obtained by microwave extraction at differenttimes and at different powers. The biofungicidal action of the aromatic extracts of Citrusfruits has shown in vitro its effectiveness on the mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic agent Botrytis cinerea, as well as its effectiveness on the sporulation of Alternaria alternata and Fusaruim oxysporum. On the other hand, the preventive treatment tests of citrus extracts onthe seedlings and the detached leaves in vivo enabled us to show the effectiveness of the Grapefruit zest extract (6W_100’) on the detached leaves affected by gray rot (Botrytis cinerea). The results obtained during this project are encouraging to explore the biofungicidalaction of citrus extracts on phytopathogens of tomato as well as other types of vegetables andfruits.