Résumé:
The tomato is one of the most studied varieties due to its economic and food
importance and its exposure to many pathogens. The products used for the protection of
crops and agricultural and agri-food production have proven to be dangerous for the
environment and public health. The objective of our work was to find biological
alternatives to fight against pathogens. The extracts of Citrus aurantium (L) (Bitter
Orange), Citrus maxima (L)(Grapefruit), Citrus lemon (L) (Lemon) were obtained by
microwave extraction at differenttimes and at different powers. The biofungicidal action
of the aromatic extracts of Citrusfruits has shown in vitro its effectiveness on the mycelial
growth of the phytopathogenic agent Botrytis cinerea, as well as its effectiveness on the
sporulation of Alternaria alternata and Fusaruim oxysporum. On the other hand, the
preventive treatment tests of citrus extracts onthe seedlings and the detached leaves in
vivo enabled us to show the effectiveness of the Grapefruit zest extract (6W_100’) on the
detached leaves affected by gray rot (Botrytis cinerea). The results obtained during this
project are encouraging to explore the biofungicidalaction of citrus extracts on
phytopathogens of tomato as well as other types of vegetables andfruits.
