Résumé:
The research explores recent advancements in the field of water desalination, a critical
element in addressing the growing demand for fresh water on a global scale. With dwindling
freshwater resources, it becomes imperative to explore more efficient and environmentallyrespectful
approaches to produce potable water from seawater or brackish water.
The study then focuses on emerging modern desalination techniques, including enhanced
reverse osmosis through the use of innovative membranes, low-energy consumption
desalination processes like electrodialysis, and multi-effect thermal desalination technologies.
Each of these approaches is examined in detail, emphasizing their advantages, limitations, and
potential for large-scale implementation.
Sustainability is at the core of this study, exploring the environmental and economic
implications of these new desalination techniques. It also delves into progress in the valorization
of by-products from desalination, contributing to minimizing the impact on local ecosystems.
