Etude des caractéristiques polliniques Physicochimiques et antibactériennes de quelques miels

Abstract

This study evaluates the melissopalynological (qualitative and quantitative), The physicochemical (conductivity, pH, moisture, hydroxymethyl-5-furfural), and antibacterial activity of 24 local honey samples and one imported honey. The pollen analysis of 8 samples revealed one multifloral honey and five monofloral honeys from three botanical origins (Citrus, Ziziphus lotus, Leptospermum scoparium), with a total of 66 taxa belonging to 31 botanical families. Two honeys were identified as honeydew. The average density of pollen grains in honey were14,603 grains/g of honey.Physicochemical analyses show that most of the studied honeys comply with international standards, with moisture content ranging from 13% to 20.2%, pH from 3.39 to 4.9, and electrical conductivities between 0.106 and 1.904 mS/cm. However, some samples showed high water and HMF levels, affecting their quality. Antibacterial tests revealed that honeydew and manuka honeys had the strongest activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial effectiveness varies depending on floral origin and concentration, with pure honeys being the most potent. In conclusion, local honeys are distinguished by their pollen, physicochemical, and biological characteristics, especially honeydew honey, which deserves special attention for its categorization and valorization, while imported honey, such as Manuka, shows a simpler but specific pollen composition.