Résumé:
Anaemia is a major public health issue. There are several forms of anaemia, including iron deficiency anaemia and inflammatory anaemia. In this study, we evaluated haematological and biochemical profiles according to gender, age and the type of anaemia. To do this, we used a population of 80 patients, divided equally according to the type of anaemia (iron deficiency and inflammatory), then according to gender (men and women), and finally classified into four age categories. A complete blood count, as well as ferritin, serum iron and C-reactive protein levels, were included in the analyses.
Ferritin levels observed in subjects with inflammatory anaemia are significantly higher in men than in women across all age groups (e.g. 782.1 ng/mL in men vs. 251.7 ng/mL in women in the second age group). In contrast, in iron deficiency anaemia, serum ferritin remains very low (< 30 ng/mL), which clearly distinguishes this form from inflammatory forms, where concentrations generally exceed 250 ng/mL.
Hemoglobin levels are higher in young people with inflammatory anemia than in young people with iron deficiency anemia (10.1 vs. 7.8 g/dL and 10.82 vs. 10.62 g/dL for men and women respectively in the first age group). In older subjects, this difference diminishes and is reversed, with the elderly population suffering from iron deficiency anaemia having higher values than those suffering from inflammatory anaemia (10.12 vs 9.56 g/dL and 9.8 vs 8.54 g/dL for women and men respectively in the fourth age group).
Mean corpuscular volume is also influenced by gender and age. Men have significantly higher levels in the second and third age groups (72.44 vs. 60.94 fL and 87.42 vs. 74.72 fL), while women show higher values in the 1st and 4th age groups (73.56 vs. 68.5 fL and 83.24 vs. 73.08 fL) when it comes to iron deficiency anaemia.
These results highlight the importance of interactions between sex, age and type of anaemia in modulating haematological and biochemical biomarkers, which are essential for understanding and managing iron deficiency and inflammatory anaemia.
