Résumé:
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, particularly avian pathogenic
Escherichia coli (APEC), represents a major challenge for poultry health and food
safety. This work aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts
obtained from the leaves, stems, and roots of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.
The theoretical part covers the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects
of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl, phenolic compounds, and the characteristics of avian
pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), including its pathogenic mechanisms, modes of
transmission, and control strategies.
Our study first involved hydroalcoholic extraction using the Soxhlet method, analysis
of phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and FTIR-ATR characterization.
Secondly, we evaluated the antibacterial activity against several APEC strains using
antibiogram, dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum
bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests.
The results show analyses revealed a higher concentration of phenolic compounds in
the leaves compared to the other parts of the plant, accompanied by moderate
antibacterial activity against the tested strains (ATCC 25922, and 7 isolates). This
antibacterial activity gradually decreases from leaves to stems and then to roots.
This plant may also have potential for the development of complementary or preventive
treatments in humans, especially in response to the growing emergence of multidrugresistant
bacteria. However, further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and
safety for human medical use.
