Etude préliminaire de la qualité microbiologique d’un poisson frais : Scomber scombrus ( Linnaeus, 1758) pêché dans la wilaya de Mostaganem.

Abstract

This work is part of an approach to assess the microbiological quality of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), a fish commonly sold fresh in the Mostaganem province. The study was based on the analysis of four samples to detect the presence of hygiene indicator germs and pathogenic bacteria that could compromise the product's safety. The analyses focused on several germs: mesophilic aerobic germs (MAG), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, yeasts and molds, sulfite-reducing Clostridium (SCLC), and Salmonella spp. The enumeration techniques used allowed for a precise assessment of the microbial load of each sample. The results showed a significant presence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in all four samples, with a maximum value reaching 33.6 × 10² CFU/g, indicating a deterioration in the hygienic quality of the fish. Fecal streptococci were detected in three samples, and, worryingly, in sample 2 with a high value of 50 × 10² CFU/g, suggesting fecal contamination. Two samples showed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, at a level of 3 × 10² CFU/g, which represents a significant health risk if handling conditions are not rigorously controlled. However, no total and fecal coliforms, yeasts, molds, sulfite-reducing Clostridium, or Salmonella spp. were detected in all the samples analyzed. This absence is a positive point from a health perspective, demonstrating that certain aspects of the cold chain and transportation are likely being properly observed. In conclusion, this study highlights the heterogeneous microbiological quality of fresh mackerel sold in Mostaganem. It underscores the need to strengthen hygiene practices at all levels, particularly during harvesting, transportation, and sale, to ensure a healthy product for the consumer.