Résumé:
β-thalassemia is an inherited hemolytic anemia; its frequency in Algeria is 3%. This work is a cross-sectional retrospective study of cases of β-thalassemia followed in the Pediatric Department of Ain Tadless Hospital.
The objective of our study is the knowledge of thalassemia, in order to dissociate it from other anemias to which it is often confused. The surveys carried out show a limited number of patients observed, whose age range is between 1 and 15 years. Which suggests that thalassemia is pediatric anemia. Laboratory analyzes have demonstrated the presence of hemoglobin F in a homozygous thalassemic, and also show that hemoglobin levels and the constant erythrocyte are greatly reduced compared to normal levels.
Indeed, the pathophysiology of these diseases is complex and does not involve only chronic hemolytic anemia and overload, but a whole systemic pathology initiated by abnormal red blood cells. Their diagnosis is based on the analysis of fractions of hemoglobin by electrophoresis, by molecular biology. The prognosis of the major form depends on the quality of the treatment which is based mainly on blood transfusions which require the joint administration of an iron chelating treatment.
