Résumé:
Irrigation is essential in semi arid climate. In addition to generating higher returns, it also
allows the regular supply requested quality.
Irrigation is very useful, but it requires in return an excellent governance: we must apply the
right amount of water at the right time to avoid excess, unwanted water stress and loss of
water and fertilizer in the environment.
To ensure good governance of water, it is first necessary to know the needs of culture and the
variation there of according to the stage of development. Also, it is imperative to regularly
measure the soil water content. This information will clarify the moment conducive to
irrigation and especially if the amounts applied are insufficient or excessive in relation to soil
type and the need for culture.
Knowledge of soil water status by tensiometric measures relates directly to improved
irrigation and its management to provide farmers with their irrigation management methods
(methods to judge the appropriateness of irrigate). This method is considered the most
functional, simple is likely to be applied without major difficulties for the farmer.
It can lead the irrigator to save water and reduce drainage and hence environmental risks.
It is in this perspective that our course is inscribed, which took place in the laboratory soil
analysis, I.N.S.I.D, El Matmar, Relizane. It allowed us to monitor the evolution of the water
status of soil cultivated by tensiometric and gravimetric measurements.
The specific objective of this work is to determine when, ie from any playback on the
monitor, you have to start irrigation for that culture will not suffer water deficit and therefore
we limit the drop in yield.
Considering the results obtained at the study site, the water supply is renewed each time the
voltage is observed between 60-80 centibars for trading 30 cm for our type of soil, so as not to
limit the production potential of culture and risk of obstructing the smooth flow of water in
the soil (can replenish by sprinkling on a sufficient depth of ground). It is noteworthy that 70
centibars, the useful is depleted to 50% for our type of soil.
The present work shows the operational nature of the monitor to track the state of the water in
the soil and can be used in open fields by farmers to control irrigation. However, it should be
noted that the universal tensiometric provides guidance on the availability of water for plants,
whatever the ground. For cons, the humidity measurements need to know the limits of the
field capacity and the permanent wilting point.
