Résumé:
As part of this thesis, we studied the biodiversity of trees and shrubs in the municipalities of FORNAKA and BOUGUIRAT. In urban settings, trees and shrubs represent the sustainable biotic elements of nature in the city. These trees are part of the urban heritage.
The objectives sought through this work relate to the current state of trees and shrubs in the landscape of municipalities from the point of view of land use and floristic composition.The diagnosis and the floristic inventory established should be able to serve as a database for the establishments of urban space management programs. Also, this first work in the theme contributes to the enrichment of the local flora, for a better knowledge of the richness of these green spaces.
In this study we chose 24 stations to study the floristic diversity. The results obtained show that about 1360 trees inventoried belonging to 12 families and 16 species classified in two large groups.The group of Angiosperms is the most important.The latter, divided into Monocots with 04 taxa grouped into 02 families and Dicotyledons with 12 taxa grouped into 09 families. In addition, the group of Gymnosperms is represented by a single species attached to a family.
Analysis by family shows that the Moraceae and Arecaceae families rank first compared to the other families encountered.Thus, Ficus benjamina and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, are among the most represented species. The Ficus are generally planted in alignment at the edge of the roads.The study of the origin or the biogeographical type of ornamental species reveals a diversity of origins but 60% of taxa remain species from Asia. However, some trees in the municipalities show symptoms of dieback linked to several factors such as the age of the trees and lack of attention, care and ignorance of urban plants.
