Évaluation de l’impact de l’urbanisation dans le littoral du plateau de Mostaganem à l’aide des SIG et télédétection

Abstract

In recent years, Mostaganem's coastal strip has undergone significant development, due to the completion of socio-economic programs (housing, road infrastructure, tourist, recreational and industrial facilities). This has led to the consumption of agroforestry land. In our present study, we attempt to apply GIS and remote sensing methods to create a geographic database on urban settlement in the coastal zone of the Mostaganem plateau, in order to assess the impact of urbanization on the land in the coastal zone. To this end, we processed six (06) elaborate topographic maps (1/50,000th) and four (04) satellite images acquired in 2023 by Sentienl-2, using ArcGis 10.8 software. The processing methods used enabled us to produce thematic maps of the physical environment and urban occupation units in the study area. The results show that land urbanization covers a total surface area of 2,219 ha (23% of the total coastal area). The total urbanized surface area in the commune of Mostaganem and Mezaghrane is estimated at 1,980 ha (89% of the total urban surface area of the coastline). This shows that urbanization is exerting great pressure on coastal land. This urbanization makes soils vulnerable and impermeable, which will amplify the risks of erosion and flooding in downstream areas, including the nearby marine environment.