Etude des endométrites chez la vache laitières leurs impacts sur les performances de la reproduction

Abstract

Uterine infections in dairy cows during the postpartum period constitute a real handicap both on a health and economic level. They result from an imbalance between bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen after parturition and the animal's immune defenses, favored by several other risk factors. Endometritis is one of the main pathologies in dairy cattle farming. It is generally diagnosed after the first three postpartum weeks using different diagnostic methods. This study was conducted in the wilaya of Tiaret at a private farm on 12 dairy cows of crossbred breeds resulting from a cross between the Montbeliard and local breed aged between 3 and 6 years in order to describe the methods of diagnosis and treatment of endometritis and to shed light on its impacts on reproductive performance. The diagnostic methods used in this study are therefore clinical examination (general examination, examination of the genital apparatus and transrectal palpation); ultrasound examination and microbiological examination (isolation and identification of germs responsible for endometritis). Thus the symptoms detected during these examinations indicating endometritis are: a slight rise in temperature, the presence of purulent and mucopurulent discharges, the presence of fluid in the uterine cavity. The microbiological part of our study led to the identification of strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the uterine mucosa and particularly in the cervix and the realization of an antibiogram. According to the results obtained, the isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains are sensitive to the following antibiotics: Ofloxacin and Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole, and the isolated Escherichia coli strains are sensitive to Nalidixic Acid, Ofloxacin, Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole, and Ciprofloxacin. The recommended treatment is the local administration of these antibiotics. Endometritis causes a 20% decrease in the conception rate at first artificial insemination, and a 32-day increase in the calving-conception interval.