Résumé:
Faced with growing environmental challenges, demographic pressures, and ever-increasing food needs, global agriculture is facing a profound transformation. In this context, the intensive use of pesticides remains widespread, particularly in arid areas where climatic conditions favor the proliferation of diseases and pests. However, this excessive reliance on chemicals raises significant concerns regarding human health, food security, and ecosystem sustainability. At the same time, precision agriculture is emerging as an innovative and promising approach.
Based on real-time data collection and analysis, this new technology optimizes the use of agricultural inputs and therefore reduces waste and limits environmental impact. However, in certain regions of southern Algeria, such as the province of Adrar, the use of these technologies remains marginal, as production still relies primarily on traditional practices. This study aims to assess the impact of pesticides and the contribution of precision agriculture on tomato cultivation, considered a strategic crop for the local and national agricultural economy. Using both a theoretical and experimental approach, this research analyzes the effectiveness of traditional practices in comparison with precision and integrated approaches, highlighting their effects on chemical residues, fruit quality, and production sustainability. The main objective of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the potential of precision agriculture in the arid context of Adrar and to propose realistic adaptation options for the gradual introduction of these technologies to promote more efficient, healthier, and sustainable Saharan agriculture.
