La réponse de la fève Vicia faba L. au stress salin, cas d’un sol sableux amendé en bentonite.

Abstract

Salinity constitutes a main issue with ecological balance and the development of agriculture in the whole world, particularly the Mediterranean basin and North Africa. This phenomenon is regarded as the abiotic factor most important limiting the growth and the productivity of crop plants, degrading and polluting the grounds in the arid and semi regions arid. The study was undertaken on two varieties of broad bean Vicia faba L. (Semilla violeta L. and Reine mora L.). Sowing was carried out in plastic pots of 1kg with a diameter of 15cm. The gravel was deposited under the substrate ground of each pot in order to ensure a good drainage. The sandy substrate was subjected to bentonite amounts of 3, 5, 7, and 10%. The six weeks old plant was stressed with salt amounts (NaCl, MgCl2 and MgSO4) of 20, 40, and 60 mMol.L-1. The objective of our work is to study the influence of some bentonite amounts, associated with abiotic constraints of salinity on the physiological and chemical parameters of the plant of a leguminous plant species commonly cultivated in Algeria; the broad bean Vicia faba L. the results show that the addition of bentonite 5% improves the rate and the duration of germination under the effect of bentonite. The combined action of strong amounts salt works (40et 60 mMol.L-1) and of bentonite reveals a reduction of the relative content water and the potassium content, against an increase in the content of proline, the deficit out of water and the sodium contents. The growth of broad bean is considerable in the amended sandy grounds with bentonite 5%.