Analyse des systèmes d'élevage et des enjeux sanitaires bovins dans la wilaya de Bouira

Abstract

In Algeria, the characterization of cattle farming systems and the control of their health status are major challenges for improving livestock productivity. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of the main pathological constraints in cattle farms in the Wilaya of Bouira according to their production systems. A field survey was conducted on 30 cattle farms. The collected data on the main health problems were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a clear hierarchy of the recorded diseases. Mastitis was identified as the major health constraint, affecting 36.67% of the farms, mainly in mixed farming systems. Parasitic diseases ranked second, affecting 26.67% of the farms, with a higher prevalence in extensive systems. Lameness (16.67%) and brucellosis (16.67%) showed the same incidence but different distributions : lameness was specific to intensive systems, whereas brucellosis was mainly observed in mixed systems. Digestive disorders were the least frequent, occurring in only 3.33% of the surveyed farms. These findings demonstrate that disease prevalence is closely associated with production systems, highlighting the need to adapt prophylactic programs and improve milking hygiene and overall herd management practices according to the technical characteristics of each farm.