Presbyterianism; the Formation, Changes, and Purposes of Scotland’s Covenants (1557_1690)

Abstract

The Present study is an attempt to prove that the Great Reformation of the 16th century was an important turning point in the history of Scotland as it proved how different the country wanted to be, especially with England wanting to reshape it according to her own standards. Indeed, since the birth of the country, the Scots remained distinct from the UK despite the many attempts from the side of the English kings to swallow the neighbouring kingdom making it a servant with no will. And the recorded history of both rivals bears witness of such claims. One of these events was the Scottish reformation and the role that the Covenanters had played in reaffirming Scottish identity. For that, it is important to examine what influenced Scottish Covenanters’ insurrection and the impact such event had on the Scottish society. This dissertation provides an overview on Scotland’s main historical events, emphasizes the era of Evolutions well as its political consequences, and refers to the effects of religion on Scottish society. The research begins with a historical background of the Anglo Scottish relationship, moving to the topic of Reformation, to finally pave the ground for the discussion of the spread of the reforms movement in England and Scotland. Also, the establishment of the Anglican Church and the Scottish Presbyterian church are discussed in order to highlight their considerable contribution in ushering Civil War in both Scotland and ultimately in England.