Synthèse sur la phytoremédiation des sols contamine par les métaux lourds (Pb, Cu, Zn) par l’Atriplex (canescence pursh) nutte et le Radis (Raphanus sativus)

Abstract

At present, soil pollution is one of the most sensitive environmental problems and is often associated with phytoremediation as a decontamination process. Phytoremediation consists of using plants that are tolerant to metal stress and have the ability to accumulate and translocate heavy metals. Atriplex canescens and Raphanus sativus L. are well adapted to extreme environmental conditions and have accumulative properties of heavy metals. Our synthesis consists in studying the effect of heavy metals Lead, Copper, and Zinc on morphophysiological, biochemical and chemical parameters in Atriplex canescens and Raphanus sativus L. Thus, to study the phytoremediatory power of these plants. Morphophysiological analyses show an inhibition of stem and root elongation, the masses of fresh and dry matter of Atriplex canescens, on the other hand Raphanus sativus seems to be less affected by metallic stress, since the relative water content and elongation of the aerial parts increase. Biochemical analyses show a significant accumulation of soluble sugars, proline and non-enzymatic antioxidants (total polyphenols and flavonoids) as a function of the increasing concentration of heavy metals in the air and root parts of Atriplex canescens, whereas the accumulation of proline and flavonoids decreases in Raphanus sativus L. under metal stress. With regard to the accumulation of heavy metals in different parts of plants, the results obtained show that the accumulation and translocation of heavy metals Lead, Copper and zinc increases with the increase in metal doses applied in the soil in Atriplex canescens and Raphanus sativus L. The results obtained support the involvement of Atriplex Canescens and Raphanus sativus L. in a phytoremediation project to clean up soils contaminated by heavy metals