Etude rétrospective d’une maladie héréditaire ; la polykystose rénale autosomique dominante (PKRAD)

Abstract

Polycystic kidney disease in its autosomal dominant form (ADPKD) in which we were particularly interested is the most common genetic renal disease. It is characterized by the development of renal cysts with impaired renal function, the outcome of which is most often end-stage renal disease. The objective of this work was to study some epidemiological parameters and some clinical and therapeutic aspects of ADPKD. Our study was retrospective. Including all patients with ADPKD hospitalized or followed in consultation since 2015. Our internship took place over a period of 55 days from March 01 to April 24, 2020. During this period we consulted 200 files of patients admitted to the nephrology department (CHU Mostaganem) and we identified 8 cases of PKRAD. We noted: gender, age, personal and family medical history of ADPKD as well as consanguinity. The prevalence of ADPKD was 1/25, similar to that reported in Morocco, but much higher than in Western countries. The average age was 51.05 years, and there was a male predominance (63%). the main reason for admission was renal failure (37.5%), the clinical manifestations were dominated by hypertension (50% of cases 100% of men) with a mean age of 58 years and the recurrent urinary tract infections in (25%). The diagnosis of renal cysts was made by ultrasound and treatment was mainly symptomatic, dominated by antihypertensive drugs. Hemodialysis was an indication in 62.5 of the cases. At the end of this work, we emphasize the importance of family screening and early diagnosis as well as preventive measures to prevent progression to renal failure.