Etude virologique et épidémiologique de l'hépatite B

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest enveloped animal virus with deoxyribonucleic acid (3200 base pair DNA). HBV is the prototype of the Hepadnaviridae family. The characteristics of this virus are its high specificity of species (man and chimpanzee) and cell type (hepatocyte), and its particular genomic structure (partially double-stranded) with an asymmetric replication mechanism involving transcriptase activity. reverse. The ELISA-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay constitutes a basic technique for diagnosing the disease. In our study, out of 14 sera tested, one case showed a positive result (presence of anti-HBV antibodies). In our work we also carried out a statistical study on 6 patients who were taken care of by the epidemiology service of EPH Oued Rhiou (from 2019-2020). The results of the study show that patients aged between 29 and 40 years are the most affected by HBV, male dominance is recorded. Dental care and hospitalization are the main modes of infection with the HBV virus. Finally, prevention is still the best way to fight this infectious disease, such as raising awareness and informing the population to reduce the risk of transmission of this disease.