L’étude de L’activité Antimicrobienne de L’huile Essentielle de Clou de Girofle (Syzygium Aromaticum) Vis-A-Vis Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis et Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract

The overuse of antibiotics is the major factor contributing to the appearance of different types of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The emergence and increasing diffusion of these bacteria call into question the efficiency of these treatments in both humans and animals. Consequently, in this study we propose other therapeutic alternatives. A number of multi-resistant bacteria provided by the laboratory of medical analysis of the hospital of Ain Tedeles (Mostaganem) was the subject of morphological, physiological and biochemical studies and led to the confirmation of their identities, it is about E. coli species, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The extraction of the essential oil from 500g of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) by the hydrodistillation method, provided a yield of 5.516%. The determination of the antimicrobial activity in vitro of the essential oils is performed by an aromatogram following the agar diffusion method. Satisfactory results with respect to the clinical pathogens tested were obtained, the diameters of the inhibition zones were of the order of 15, 16.20 and 18 mm for Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The inhibitory effect of these essential oils is proportional to the concentrations tested, Gram positive bacteria seem to be more sensitive than Gram positive bacteria. Thus, this study allows to conclude that clove oil has an important antibacterial activity.