paramètres zootechniques et qualité du lait de l'exploitation " RNOUDJAL" dans la wilaya de Relizane

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to investigate dairy cattle husbandry practices including feeding and breeding management, dairy cow productivity and biosecurity followed by the farmer. In addition, an assessment of the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of the raw milk. A survey was carried out on April 5, 2022 on INOUDJAL farm located in the Zemmoura region with a total cow population of 60 heads. The farmer was questioned about the breeding management and zootechnical performances of dairy cow. Then, an analysis of raw milk quality was performed in order to determine the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics. The results show that Montbeliarde was the main breed. The farm has two buildings, one for dairy cows and heifers and the other for calves and bulls. The type of housing chosen by Inoudjal was the freestall type. A total mixed ration was used to feed dairy cows. In addition, we note the presence of a milking parlor and a calving box. The average level of milk production was 28 liters per cow per day on average. Regarding the physicochemical analyzes of raw milk, the average fat and protein content were 31.71g / l and 32.73 g / l respectively. for the microbiological analyzes of raw milk, we note that the total aerobic mesophilic flora of three samples (8.19×105/ 2.41×105/ 1.13×106) was higher than the Algerian standard which is 105. Fecal coliforms bacteria were absent in the first analysis, however the second and third analyzes presented a contamination (3.77×103 / 2.28×104) higher than 103 fixed by the Algerian standard. In addition, there was an absence of staphylococci. The microbiological quality results attest that milking hygiene was poor and requires a rigorous action plan to produce milk that meets Algerian standards.