Activité antimicrobienne in vitro des extraits aqueux et méthanoliques de la résine d’encens contre certains agents pathogènes responsables des mammites chez les bovins laitiers

Abstract

Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, poses a major challenge in the dairy industry due to its significant economic consequences and compromised animal welfare. Boswellia resin, extracted from trees of the Boswellia genus and known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, is gaining increasing interest as a potential solution in the treatment of bovine mastitis.The aim of this study was to identify the chemical compounds it contains.Total polyphenols and flavonoids content of the aqueous extract of frankincense resin were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of frankincense resin against pathogens commonly associated with mastitis in dairy cows was evaluated. To do this, the agar well diffusion method was used to test the resin's efficacy against the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus.The results showed that the aqueous extract of frankincense resin exhibited high concentrations of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids (0.089 ± 0.002 and 1.043 mg/g respectively). Moreover, significant efficacy of the aqueous extract of frankincense resin against these pathogens was revealed. In particular, a notable inhibition of bacterial growth was observed, with zone diameters of 11.13 mm for the aqueous extract and 10.01 mm for the methanolic extract, highlighting its promising potential as an effective antibacterial agent against this major pathogen of bovine mastitis.These findings underscore the importance of frankincense resin as a potential candidate for the treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. Its use could present a natural alternative to traditional antibiotics, thereby reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance and limiting residues in milk.