Etude neurocomportementale et histologique de l’effet neuroprotecteur des noyaux de dattes (Phoenix dactylifera L.) chez le modèle Alzheimer étude in vivo

Abstract

Today, medicinal plants are an essential source of new therapeutic molecules that are highly effective against many neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's is a chronic disease that affects behaviour and leads to gnostic disorders. In this context, we are interested in the neuroprotective effect of the pits of the date fruit (phoenix dactylifera L.). The aim of this research is to contribute to the in vivo evaluation of the anti-Alzheimer's activity of the ethanolic extract of date pits from the Deglet Nour variety. The experimental protocol is based on a 45-day pretreatment period consisting of the daily administration by gastric gavage of date kernel extract at 50, 100 and 200mg/kg in the Alz-END50, Alz-END100 and Alz-END200 groups respectively. A standard group treated with Donepezil at 1mg/kg was chosen as reference, as were the control (T) and Alzheimer model (ALZ) groups, which received distilled water. This was followed by induction of Alzheimer's disease by exposure to aluminium chloride (AlCl3) at 100mg/kg orally combined with a daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of D-galactose at 120mg/kg for 45 days for all experimental groups except the control group (T). After 90 days, neurological behavioural tests were carried out to assess the neuroprotective efficacy of the extract studied (END). A histological examination was also carried out on the brain using Haematoxylin/Eosin staining. The results obtained showed a remarkable significant tissue improvement in Alzheimer's mice treated with ethanolic extract of date pits at 200mg/kg (AlzEND200) compared with Alzheimer's model mice (Alz-C). Finally, from these results we can conclude that ethanolic extract of date pits could probably be a new source of bioactive molecules in the neuroprotection of Alzheimer's disease.