Aspect morphologique et évaluation de l’activité anti-inflammatoire de dattes (Phoenix dactylifera) ; variété « Deglet Nour » -Etude in vivo

Abstract

Traditional medicine offers alternative remedies such as medicinal plants and natural products such as the fruit of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. The dates contain bioactive compounds that give it interesting biological virtues. It is in this context that we were interested in performing a phytochemical analysis of some secondary metabolites and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of two extracts of date palm fruit. the variety Deglet-Nour Algerian origin. In this work, two extracts were prepared from date fruit; aqueous and ketonic. Phytochemical screening of these extracts revealed several secondary metabolites, which probably give the date fruit its therapeutic properties elucidated by later work. This analysis was completed by a quantitative determination of total polyphenols and total flavonoids. The two studied date extracts are evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects in vivo following the 1% carrageenan-induced edema model at the subplantar portion of the paw of NMRI mice. The results of the percent inhibition of edema in mice treated with ketonic date extract at 200 mg / kg showed a significant decrease in edema at the fourth hour (63,43%) and fifth (90,60%) compared to mice treated with Diclofenac (35,07% et 56,17%) respectively. Regarding the ketone extract, the three doses administered (100, 200 and 300 mg / kg) lead to inhibitions of edema at the third, fourth and fifth hours after the induction of inflammation at very close and significant percentages. compared to mice treated with Diclofenac. A histopathological study carried on the cutaneous tissue of the paw of the mice confirms the antiinflammatory effect of the two aqueous extracts and ketonic dates fruit. Thus presenting in mice treated with the two extracts studied a discrete inflammation with disseminated leucocyte infiltrate in the dermis and blood capillaries of sizes close to normal compared to smiles treated with Diclofenac and untreated (positive controls). The latter revealed to the histology a very pronounced inflammation at the site of the lesion, which proves the inflammatory efficacy of carrageenan. Hence, this research finally allows us to affirm the anti-inflammatory effect of the two aqueous and ketonic extracts of the date (Deglet-Nour) of Algerian origin, according to the conditions of our experimentation.