Evaluation de la qualité des eaux côtières de Mostaganem A travers les bioindicateurs de la macrofaune benthique

Abstract

The marine coastal ecosystems of Mostaganem, like those of the entire Mediterranean coast, are fragile, vulnerable, limited and coveted. These are environments increasingly affected by human activities, by the increase in urban density at the coast, which discharges its discharges into coastal marine waters, and which cause intense ecological pressure on these environments. To this end, several bioindicators derived from benthic macrofauna are widely used in the evaluation and monitoring of the quality of the marine environment in order to counter this degradation of the environment. It is in this context that this study falls. It is based on the evaluation and identification of the benthic macrofauna of the rocky substrates of the Mediolittoral stage of the coastal zone of the Wilaya of Mostaganem. Thus, three sites were chosen to know: Stidia, Kharouba and Hadjadj. The assessment of the ecological quality of these different sites was carried out using biological indices such as: statistical descriptors (Specific Wealth (S), Abundance (A), Dominance) and diversity indices [Shannon Wiener Index ( H ') and equilibrium index of Piélou (J')]. So we chose to test the environmental quality of these different sites, using the larval development test of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, a species widely used for this type of analysis. The analysis of the composition of benthic settlements as well as the tests of the quality of the larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus revealed and confirmed a satisfactory general state of the three sites studied. However, the site of Kharouba, seems to present a stand much more characterized by an organization in equilibrium compared to the sites of Stidia and Hadjadj.