Etude du profil épidémio-clinique et biochimique du syndrome métabolique chez des patients de la région de Mostaganem

Abstract

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is not defined as a disease and therefore there is no universal definition for it, but it is characterized by abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol blood level, high triglycerides and insulin resistance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the epidemiological-clinical and biochemical profile of patients with metabolic syndrome in the Mostaganem region. A total of 52 cases with MetS with an average age of 62.5 years and a male predominance (M/F sex ratio: 1.47) were screened in different laboratories (CHU internal medicine department, internal EPH Ain Tadeles and medical analysis laboratory, Mesra, Mostaganem) over a period of 2 months from February 2023 to April 2023. The epidemiological-clinical data were provided using a questionnaire containing 19 items. The biochemical profile including blood sugar, lipid, renal and hepatic test was determined in all cases. The metabolic syndrome was retained according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria. In our study, the age of onset of MetS was between 55 and 70 years (50 %). The body mass index showed that 51.92% of our cases are obese, of which 34.62% presented moderate obesity with a male predominance. 50% of patients had an increased waist size compared to 50% who were normal. The distribution of patients according to comorbidities reported the following percentages: diabetes estimated at 100% of which 88.37% are type 2 diabetics, arterial hypertension at 61.54%, cardiovascular disease at 23.08% and finally a digestive disease estimated at 23.08%. On the biochemical level, fasting hyperglycemia was noted in 86.54% of cases. The lipid abnormalities observed were as such: hypertriglyceridemia (82.69%), hypercholesterolemia (21.15%), low HDL-cholesterol level (55.77%) and high LDL- cholesterol level (9. 62%). Hyperuricaemia and hypercreatinaemia were observed in 5.77% and 13.46% respectively. Liver function tests showed elevated TGO and TGP levels in 3.85% of patients. All of our results demonstrated that fasting hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia seem to be the two most significant criteria of the metabolic syndrome.