Supplémentation de la vitamine D-25 OH chez les patients atteints de diabète type 2

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease on the rise, characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance and/or insufficient insulin secretion. Its increasing prevalence makes it a major public health concern worldwide. At the same time, interest has grown in the role of vitamin D in regulating glucose metabolism. This fat-soluble pre-hormone, primarily synthesized in the skin under UVB exposure, is traditionally known for its role in maintaining calcium-phosphate balance, but also exerts extra-skeletal effects, notably on pancreatic β-cells and insulin-sensitive tissues. The objective of this study was twofold: to assess the vitamin D status in patients with type 2 diabetes and to examine the impact of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control. To this end, levels of 25(OH)D, blood glucose, and HbA1c were measured in the first group of 60 diabetic patients aged 40 and above. A second group of 15 patients aged 51 to 60 received vitamin D supplementation for two months. The results revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, particularly among women, often associated with poor glycemic control. After supplementation, a moderate increase in serum vitamin D levels was observed, more pronounced in men (from 29.19 to 58.1 ng/mL) than in women (from 20.25 to 46 ng/mL). In terms of glycemic parameters, improvement was noted in both sexes: blood glucose levels decreased from 1.51 to 1.20 g/L in men and from 1.94 to 1.40 g/L in women. HbA1c also decreased, from 6.86% to 6% in men and from 7.85% to 6.7% in women. These findings suggest a link between vitamin D status and glycemic control in diabetic patients, with a more favorable metabolic response to supplementation observed in men. However, while vitamin D supplementation may offer complementary benefits, it should not be considered a substitute for conventional antidiabetic treatment.