Etude la qualité hygiénique et microbiologique du lait cru de vache de la ferme de Hassi Mameche

Abstract

Milk for human consumption is the integral product of the total and uninterrupted milking of a healthy, well-fed, non-overworked female dairy. Contaminated, it can be a vector for the transmission of pathogenic germs to humans and can pose a risk to human health. This is why the purpose of this study is to assess on the one hand, its physicochemical quality on the other hand, to highlight the relationship between the different techniques of hygiene of the trade and the existing flora in raw milk. This study was conducted during the period April-June 2018 on the raw milk of dairy cattle from the Hassi Mameche farm. In the physicochemical study, we measured the temperature, ph, density, titratable acidity, dry matter. In the microbiological study, we are interested in the enumeration and isolation of bacteria, namely total aerobic mesophilic Flora, Coliforms, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, lactic acid bacteria. The results of our study show the absence of staphylococci and salmonella in the raw milk sample, a high load of aerobic mesophilic total flora at 30 ° C when the rules of hygiene of milking are not respected, either 〖8 .10〗. Clostridium sulphito-reducers, coliforms are absent when the rules of hygiene are respected. Concerning the lactic acid bacteria, we have isolated and identified, 50% of strains answering the character of Enterococcus, 21% of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus 13%, Streptococcus 12% and finally, the genus leuconostoques with a low rate of 4%. It is therefore important to master breeding techniques to obtain raw milk of good sanitary quality in order to present it to the consumer in the fresh state and for its exploitation in the dairy industry, particularly based on raw milk.