Cancer du sein

Abstract

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor of the mammary gland. It is the most common cancer in women. It will affect one woman in eight in her lifetime. There are different stages and grades of breast cancer as well as different types of breast cancer. The most common (95%) develop from canal cells (ductal cancer) and lobules (lobular cancer). They are called adenocarcinomas. The stage of cancer depends on the size and infiltration of the tumor, whether the lymph nodes are affected or not. The number of invaded lymph nodes makes it possible to know more about the degree of cancer spread. And there is also the presence or not of metastases because the cancer can invade different organs. All this defines the TNM. On the other hand, in the genetic study among the 30 to 40,000 genes that make up the genetic heritage of each individual, there are two important genes involved in breast cancer: BRCA1 and BRCA2. The inactivating mutations of these genes lead to a truncated protein, thus missense mutations, at present the consequence of these missense mutations on the function of the protein remains unknown. But according to the latest epidemiological data and our understanding of this disease is constantly improving and this will bring new possibilities for prevention of the disease, which is of course the best result that can be expected. In addition, through better treatment and earlier diagnosis, more women survive the disease.