Intérêt de l’estimation de l’indice triglycérides-glucose (TyG) dans la prédiction du risque cardiaque chez une population diabétique de l’ouest Algérien (Mostaganem)

Abstract

Diabetes increases the risk of numerous comorbidities and mortality, particularly cardiovascular diseases. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) is a simple and inexpensive indicator that appropriately screens for insulin resistance, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of the TyG index in predicting cardiac risk in a diabetic population from the Mostaganem region. We conducted a study over a period of more than 2 months, involving 32 subjects (female-to-male ratio = 1.66) treated at the internal medicine department of the University Hospital Center in Mostaganem, including 23 diabetic subjects and 9 healthy subjects. Our diabetic population includes patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A questionnaire comprising 20 items was administered to diabetics to determine the main characteristics of our population. The biochemical profile was analyzed, including blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile (triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL), renal function (creatinine, urea), and liver function (AST, ALT). Finally, we calculated the TyG index for all cases. Our results showed that the majority of diabetics belong to the age group of 60-80 years, with a female predominance. Over 60% of diabetics are overweight. Type 1 diabetes is more prevalent in our population, accounting for 69.56% of cases, compared to 30.43% for type 2 diabetes. The biochemical profile reveals a highly significant increase in HbA1c concentration and blood glucose (p˂0.001), as well as alterations in the lipid profile. Impaired liver function is also observed, with elevated creatinine levels. The TyG index is increased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects.