Antibacterial activities of phenolic extracts of Eriobotrya japonica lindl ; leaves ; stem and root.

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, particularly avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), represents a major challenge for poultry health and food safety. This work aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the leaves, stems, and roots of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. The theoretical part covers the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl, phenolic compounds, and the characteristics of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), including its pathogenic mechanisms, modes of transmission, and control strategies. Our study first involved hydroalcoholic extraction using the Soxhlet method, analysis of phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and FTIR-ATR characterization. Secondly, we evaluated the antibacterial activity against several APEC strains using antibiogram, dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. The results show analyses revealed a higher concentration of phenolic compounds in the leaves compared to the other parts of the plant, accompanied by moderate antibacterial activity against the tested strains (ATCC 25922, and 7 isolates). This antibacterial activity gradually decreases from leaves to stems and then to roots. This plant may also have potential for the development of complementary or preventive treatments in humans, especially in response to the growing emergence of multidrugresistant bacteria. However, further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety for human medical use.